Safety

According to the EuroTAP inspectors, the European Tunnel Assessment Programme (EuroTAP) carried out this year produced a sensational result, all of the 13 tubes tested in Croatia, Spain, Switzerland and Germany, received positive ratings. Nine tunnels received aVery Good rating, three were rated Good and even the worst candidate this year received an Acceptable rating.

The overall result would have been even better were it not for the Schlossberg tunnel in Heidelberg, Germany, and the Piqueras tunnel near Soria, Spain. Both tunnels were downgraded from Very Good to Good due to a Very Poor rating in one of the categories. The German tunnel yielded deficiencies in the “tunnel system” category because its lanes are only 2.85m wide and its emergency walkways only 50cm.

On the other hand, the Spanish tunnel was downgraded because of its failings in the “ventilation”. This bi-directional tunnel of almost 2.5km is equipped with a conventional longitudinal ventilation system only.

The risk of the natural longitudinal draught in the event of a fire was not taken into account and is notproperly controlled, meaning that the whole tunnel can fill up with smoke.

The Vue-des-Alpes tunnel near La Chaux-de-Fonds in Switzerland received an Acceptable rating.

Nevertheless, this tunnel generated a somewhat lengthy list of deficiencies. The bi-directional tunnel withthe highest daily traffic volume among the tunnels tested is ill-lit; there is no in-tunnel public address system and no vertical clearance control in the portals. Video surveillance cameras, emergency call  points, fire extinguishers and hydrants are placed at 300m intervals. When an incident occurs, the cameras do not automatically display the image on the monitors, escape routes are insufficiently marked and the emergency exits are spaced too far apart. And last, but not least in importance, the existing emergency shelters do not have second exits, which is not in line with the EU tunnel safety directive.

Two tunnels were re-tested this year, the Vielha tunnel near the eponymous town in Spain and theTuhobić tunnel near Rijeka in Croatia. Both had clearly failed their first tests, scoring Very Poor ratings.

This time they achieved Very Good ratings in recognition of their operators’ sustained efforts to improve their tunnels’ safety and bring them in line with an up-to-date tunnel philosophy.

In spite of the positive ratings, there are still some deficiencies encountered in several of the tunnels tested. The most frequent one, found in 38% of the tunnels tested, is the insufficient operating life of fire brigade breathing equipment. Also, in one third of the tunnels there are no public announcement

speakers over which to keep motorists in the tunnel updated on critical events. In an equal number of tunnels, the dark tube walls create a lugubrious atmosphere. In almost a quarter of the tunnels tested, there are no barriers to close off the tunnel and/or tunnel closure information boards at the portals, rescuers are unable to use radio throughout the tunnel and/or the fire brigade takes too long to arrive.With three Very Good and one Good tunnel, Germany sets an example this year. The Warnow tunnel,located in North-Eastern Germany, is one of the top scorers. This tunnel, opened in 2003, connects the two banks of the river Warnow in Rostock and is the first privately operated tunnel in Germany. As the EuroTAP testers found only strong points, this tunnel can serve as an example to others.